Kiirendusdüüside

Kiirendusdüüside, also known as acceleration nozzles, are specialized components used in various fluid dynamic and propulsion systems. Their primary function is to increase the velocity of a fluid or gas by converting its internal energy into kinetic energy. This is typically achieved through a convergent-divergent geometry.

In a convergent-divergent nozzle, the fluid first passes through a converging section where its cross-sectional area decreases. This causes the fluid's speed to increase while its pressure and temperature decrease, assuming the flow is subsonic. If the flow reaches a critical velocity (Mach 1) at the narrowest point, known as the throat, it can then accelerate further in the diverging section. In the diverging section, the fluid expands, and if the flow is supersonic, its velocity continues to increase while its pressure and temperature drop.

The design of a kiirendusdüüside is crucial for its performance and depends on factors such as the working fluid, the desired exit velocity, and the operating pressure and temperature. They are commonly found in rocket engines, jet engines, gas turbines, and high-speed wind tunnels. The efficient acceleration of fluids is vital for achieving thrust in propulsion systems and for generating high-speed flows in scientific research. Variations in nozzle design, such as the shape of the diverging section, can significantly impact the expansion process and the resulting thrust or flow characteristics.