Khandhaka

Khandhaka is a term used in Buddhism, particularly within the Theravada tradition, referring to a section within the Vinaya Pitaka, one of the three main divisions of the Tipitaka, the Buddhist canon. The Vinaya Pitaka itself deals with the rules and regulations governing the monastic community of monks (bhikkhus) and nuns (bhikkhunis). The Khandhaka sections provide detailed accounts of the historical circumstances surrounding the establishment of these monastic rules, along with explanations and interpretations.

The Khandhaka is further divided into two main parts: the Mahavagga (Great Chapter) and the Cullavagga (Small Chapter). The Mahavagga covers the early history of the Sangha, the monastic order, and the rules related to its establishment and major events. This includes the rules concerning the ordination of monks and nuns, the observance of the rains retreat (vassa), and the procedures for resolving disputes. The Cullavagga, on the other hand, deals with more specific and sometimes minor rules, including those concerning the expulsion of monks and nuns, the proper conduct in various situations, and the establishment of various monastic institutions. Together, the Khandhaka sections form a comprehensive guide to monastic life and discipline within early Buddhism. They are essential texts for understanding the development of the monastic Sangha and the ethical framework of Buddhist practice.