Kerze

Kerze is the German word for a candle. In general, a Kerze is a solid mass of wax or fat with a wick embedded in or along its length. When lit, the wick draws molten wax toward the flame, allowing combustion to continue and producing light and some heat. Candles are used for illumination, fragrance, ambience, and ceremonial purposes in German-speaking regions as elsewhere.

The history of candles spans ancient to modern times. Early candles used animal fats such as tallow or beeswax, with wax candles becoming more common in the medieval period. Beeswax was valued for a cleaner burn but was expensive, while tallow provided a cheaper alternative. The 19th century saw the widespread use of paraffin wax, which made candles cheaper and longer-lasting. Today, a range of waxes is used, including paraffin, beeswax, soy, palm, and blended formulations. Wicks are typically made of cotton or linen braided fibers designed to draw wax up to the flame by capillary action.

Manufacture and forms vary. Candles can be produced by dipping a wick into melted wax, by casting around a wick in molds, or by extrusion. They come in many shapes and sizes, such as tapers, votives, tealights, and jar or pillar candles, and may be scented or colored.

Uses extend beyond lighting. Kerzen figure in religious and cultural practices—Advent wreaths, birthdays, Hanukkah, and memorial observances are common contexts. Environmental and safety considerations include choosing renewable or cleaner-burning waxes and trimming wicks to minimize soot and uneven burning.