Keresztcsapágyas

Keresztcsapágyas is a Hungarian term that translates to "crosshead" in English. It refers to a component found in various mechanical systems, most notably in steam engines and internal combustion engines. Its primary function is to convert the linear motion of a piston into the rotational motion of a crankshaft.

In a steam engine, the piston rod is connected to a crosshead. This crosshead slides within guides, ensuring that the piston rod moves in a straight line. The other end of the crosshead is attached to a connecting rod, which in turn is linked to the crankshaft. As the piston reciprocates, the crosshead translates this linear motion to the connecting rod, which then rotates the crankshaft.

Similarly, in some internal combustion engines, particularly older or larger designs, a crosshead mechanism is employed. Here, it serves the same purpose of guiding the piston rod and facilitating the conversion of linear to rotational motion. The inclusion of a crosshead can reduce side forces on the piston and cylinder walls, contributing to smoother operation and potentially longer engine life.

The design of a crosshead typically involves a block or shoe that fits into a guide. This guide is usually a part of the engine's frame. The connection to the piston rod is often a pin, and the connection to the connecting rod is another pin. The efficiency and effectiveness of the crosshead mechanism are crucial for the overall performance of the engine.