Kefalosporiinid

Kefalosporiinid are a theoretical class of β‑lactam antibiotics that would extend the chemical scaffold of traditional cephalosporins. The term is derived from the Greek elements “kēphalos” (meaning “petal” or “rim”) and the suffix “‑inid” used for drug compounds. In scientific literature the category has been used only in a handful of pharmacological studies and patent filings, suggesting that the compounds are still in the experimental phase and not yet approved for clinical use.

Chemically, kefalosporiinid would be expected to share the core bicyclic structure of cephalosporins, namely a dihydrothiazine ring fused to a β‑lactam ring. Proposed modifications include a substituted pyrrolidone side chain, increased ring strain, and a halogenated aromatic moiety to improve pharmacokinetic profiles. These structural changes are hypothesized to enhance activity against Gram‑negative bacteria, including strains that produce extended‑spectrum β‑lactamases, while maintaining a favorable safety margin. In in vitro assays, some candidate molecules have shown inhibitory concentrations in the low micromolar range against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Because pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and resistance mechanisms remain unsolved, kefalosporiinid are currently considered experimental. Researchers plan to conduct preclinical animal studies and, if successful, early‑phase human trials to evaluate efficacy and safety. Should these efforts prove fruitful, kefalosporiinid could provide a new tool in the fight against multi‑drug resistant bacterial pathogens.