Kaulalaskimo

Kaulalaskimo, also known as jugular vein, refers to the veins in the neck that primarily return deoxygenated blood from the head and face to the heart. There are two main sets of jugular veins: the internal jugular veins and the external jugular veins. The internal jugular veins are larger and deeper, running alongside the common carotid artery. They collect blood from the brain, face, and neck structures. The external jugular veins are more superficial and are visible under the skin of the neck. They drain blood from the scalp, face, and some parts of the neck.

The jugular veins play a crucial role in venous drainage from the cranial cavity. Blood from the brain exits through the dural venous sinuses, which then drain into the internal jugular veins. The pressure within the jugular veins can fluctuate with respiration and changes in intrathoracic pressure. In some medical conditions, the jugular venous pressure can be elevated, which may be a sign of heart failure or other circulatory issues. The pulsation of the internal jugular veins can sometimes be observed, providing a visual estimation of right atrial pressure. Anatomically, the jugular veins are important landmarks for medical procedures, such as central venous catheterization.