Katalüüsijaid

Katalüüsijaid, also known as catalysts, are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction, lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. This alternative pathway is often referred to as the reaction mechanism. Catalysts can be classified into two main categories: homogeneous catalysts, which are in the same phase as the reactants, and heterogeneous catalysts, which are in a different phase. Homogeneous catalysts include enzymes and metal complexes, while heterogeneous catalysts include metal surfaces and zeolites. Catalysts are widely used in various industries, such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection, due to their ability to improve reaction efficiency and reduce waste. The study of catalysts and their mechanisms is a crucial area of research in chemistry and materials science.