Kasvainvastaisuutta

Kasvainvastaisuus, sometimes referred to as anti-tumor response or tumor immunity, is a complex biological process by which the body's immune system recognizes and attempts to eliminate cancer cells. This defense mechanism is a crucial aspect of cancer surveillance, aiming to prevent the development and spread of malignant tumors.

The immune system employs various cells, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, to identify cancerous cells. These cells can detect abnormalities on the surface of tumor cells, often referred to as tumor antigens. Once identified, immune cells can initiate a targeted attack, leading to the destruction of the cancer cells. This can occur through direct killing mechanisms or by releasing signaling molecules that recruit other immune components to the site of the tumor.

However, cancer cells often develop sophisticated strategies to evade immune detection and destruction. They can downregulate the expression of tumor antigens, secrete immunosuppressive molecules, or create a physical barrier around the tumor that prevents immune cells from reaching them. This immune evasion is a significant challenge in cancer development and progression.

Understanding kasvainvastaisuus has led to the development of immunotherapies, a revolutionary class of cancer treatments. These therapies aim to boost the body's own immune system to fight cancer more effectively. Examples include checkpoint inhibitors, which release the brakes on the immune system, and CAR T-cell therapy, which genetically engineers a patient's T cells to better recognize and attack cancer cells. Research continues to explore and enhance the power of kasvainvastaisuus to combat various forms of cancer.