Karboxipeptidáz

Karboxipeptidáz is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in protein digestion. These enzymes are proteases, meaning they break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Specifically, karboxipeptidases are exopeptidases, which means they cleave amino acids from the carboxyl terminus of a polypeptide chain. This process is essential for the absorption of amino acids by the body.

There are several types of karboxipeptidases, often classified by their optimal pH and the specific amino acid residues they prefer to cleave. For example, karboxipeptidase A primarily cleaves aromatic and bulky aliphatic amino acids from the carboxyl end, while karboxipeptidase B prefers to cleave basic amino acids like arginine and lysine. These enzymes are synthesized in the pancreas as inactive zymogens and are activated in the small intestine.

Karboxipeptidases are vital for nutrient uptake and also participate in various physiological processes beyond digestion, including hormone regulation and cellular signaling. Deficiencies or malfunctions in karboxipeptidase activity can lead to malabsorption syndromes and other health issues. Their study is important for understanding metabolic pathways and developing therapeutic interventions.