Karboksülaatiooni

Karboksülaatiooni is a chemical reaction in which a carboxyl group (COOH) is added to a substrate. This process is fundamental to many biological and industrial processes. In biological systems, carboxy lation plays a critical role in the synthesis of essential biomolecules. For instance, it is a key step in the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, a crucial intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis. Another vital biological example is the carboxylation of bicarbonate by RuBisCO during photosynthesis, which fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic compounds. Enzymes known as carboxylases catalyze these reactions, often requiring cofactors such as biotin or metal ions.

Industrially, carboxy lation is utilized in the production of various chemicals. The Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, for example, involves the carboxy lation of phenol to salicylic acid, a precursor to aspirin. Metal-catalyzed carboxy lation reactions are also employed to synthesize carboxylic acids and their derivatives from less complex organic molecules. These reactions are important for creating polymers, pharmaceuticals, and other value-added products. The development of efficient and selective carboxy lation methods remains an active area of research in organic chemistry, aiming to improve sustainability and expand the scope of accessible products.