Karboksilaation

Karboksilaation is a chemical reaction where a carboxyl group, COOH, is added to a molecule. This process is fundamental in organic chemistry and biochemistry. In biological systems, karboksilaation is often catalyzed by enzymes called carboxylases. A common example is the addition of carbon dioxide to organic molecules. This is a crucial step in many metabolic pathways. For instance, in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes the karboksilaation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate with carbon dioxide. Another important biological karboksilaation is the synthesis of certain amino acids and the post-translational modification of proteins. In the synthesis of biotin and arginine, karboksilaation plays a vital role. The reverse reaction, decarboxylation, involves the removal of a carboxyl group, typically as carbon dioxide. Karboksilaation reactions are vital for carbon fixation, energy production, and the synthesis of essential biomolecules. They are also employed in industrial chemical synthesis.