Kapsidové

Kapsidové refers to the viral capsid, which is the protein shell of a virus that encloses its genetic material. It is a complex structure composed of multiple protein subunits called capsomeres. The arrangement of these capsomeres determines the overall shape of the capsid, which can be icosahedral, helical, or complex.

The primary function of the capsid is to protect the viral genome from damage and to facilitate the entry of the virus into a host cell. The capsid also plays a crucial role in the assembly of new virus particles during replication. The specific proteins that make up the capsid are encoded by the viral genome itself.

Different viruses have distinct capsid structures, which are often used for classification purposes. For example, adenoviruses have icosahedral capsids, while tobacco mosaic virus has a helical capsid. Some viruses, like bacteriophages, have more complex capsid structures that include additional components for attachment and injection of genetic material into bacteria. The diversity in capsid structure reflects the diverse evolutionary pathways of viruses and their adaptations to infect different types of hosts.