Kapasitiv

Kapasitiv is a term used to describe phenomena, components, and properties related to capacitance in electrical engineering and physics. In many languages, kapasitiv is used to denote anything capacitive or related to a capacitor, including the device itself, its function, and the dielectric materials that influence it.

Capacitance, the central concept behind kapasitiv, is the ability of a system to store electric charge per unit voltage. It is measured in farads (F) and in the simplest form for a parallel-plate capacitor is C = ε A / d, where ε is the permittivity of the dielectric (ε = ε0 εr), A is plate area, and d is separation. The energy stored in a capacitor is W = 1/2 C V, and the charge satisfies Q = C V.

In alternating current (AC) circuits, kapasitiv behavior is described by the impedance Z_C = 1/(j ω C) or capacitive reactance X_C = 1/(2π f C). This makes capacitive elements useful for filtering, coupling, timing, and energy storage. Non-idealities include parasitic capacitance, dielectric losses, and temperature dependence.

Capacitive components are made from various dielectric materials such as ceramics, plastics, electrolytes, and air, chosen to achieve desired dielectric constant, temperature coefficient, and voltage rating. Applications span electronics, power supplies, sensors (including capacitive touch sensing), and signal processing.

Measurement and specification typically involve capacitance tolerance, voltage rating, and dielectric characteristics, using instruments such as LCR meters. The term kapasitiv is related to the broader concept of capacitance and dielectric phenomena.

See also: capacitance, capacitor, dielectric, permittivity.