Kamieniami

Kamieniami is the instrumental plural form of the Polish noun kamień, meaning stones or rocks. In Polish grammar, the instrumental case marks the instrument or means by which an action is performed, as well as accompaniment or manner. Kamieniami specifically denotes “with stones” or “by means of stones” when used as the instrument in a sentence.

Form and usage: The base word kamień has nominative plural kamienie and instrumental plural kamieniami. The instrumental plural kamieniami is used with verbs that require the instrumental case to indicate the means or tool, for example rzucać kamieniami (to throw stones) and posłużyć się kamieniami (to make use of stones). Example sentences include: Dzieci rzucały kamieniami. Posłużyli się kamieniami do budowy ogrodzenia.

Notes: After the preposition z (with, from), the noun usually takes the genitive, kamieni, not kamieniami (as in z kamieni). The word kamieniami is specifically instrumental, not genitive. The related adjective kamienny means “stone-” or “made of stone,” and is used in phrases such as kamienny mur (stone wall).

Etymology and related forms: Kamień derives from the Proto-Slavic word for stone, with the instrumental plural forming kamieniami through standard Polish patterns for masculine inanimate nouns ending in -ień. Related forms include kamień (singular), kamienie (nominative plural), and kamieniem (instrumental singular).