Kaimakchalan

Kaimakchalan is a mountain located on the border between Greece and North Macedonia. It is part of the Nidže range and is the highest peak in North Macedonia, reaching an elevation of 2,521 meters (8,271 feet). The mountain is known for its significant historical role, particularly during World War I.

During the Balkan Wars and World War I, Kaimakchalan was a strategically important location. The Battle of Kaimakchalan in September 1916 was a major offensive by Allied forces on the Macedonian front. The mountain was fiercely contested between Bulgarian and Allied troops for several weeks. The harsh terrain, severe weather, and intense fighting made it a brutal battleground. The summit, due to its commanding views, was highly sought after by both sides.

The name Kaimakchalan is of Turkish origin and translates to "cream of the sky" or "dairy of the sky," referring to its high altitude and white, snow-capped appearance for much of the year. The mountain is a popular destination for hikers and mountaineers, offering challenging trails and panoramic views of the surrounding regions. Its historical significance also attracts visitors interested in military history.

In Greece, the mountain is known as Vorras, which is derived from the Greek god of the north wind. Remnants of fortifications and trenches from the WWI battles can still be found on its slopes, serving as a somber reminder of the past. The area around Kaimakchalan is also known for its natural beauty, with diverse flora and fauna.