Kaakspieren

Kaakspieren, also known as masticatory muscles, are a group of muscles located in the head that are primarily responsible for the movement of the mandible (lower jaw) during chewing, speaking, and other facial expressions. These muscles are essential for the function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

The four main muscles of mastication are the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid. The masseter is a thick, rectangular muscle that runs from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible. It is the primary muscle for elevating the mandible and clenching the teeth. The temporalis muscle is a large, fan-shaped muscle that covers the temporal bone. It also elevates and retracts the mandible. The medial pterygoid muscle lies deep to the masseter and assists in elevating and protruding the mandible, as well as side-to-side movements. The lateral pterygoid muscle is unique in that it depresses and protrudes the mandible, and is crucial for opening the mouth and side-to-side chewing motions.

These muscles are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). Dysfunction or overactivity of these muscles can lead to various conditions such as temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching), and muscle pain or spasms in the jaw, face, and neck. Maintaining the health and proper function of kaakspieren is vital for overall oral health and well-being.