Jõge

Jõge is the partitive singular form of the Estonian noun jõgi, which means river. In Estonian grammar, the partitive case is used to indicate an indefinite quantity or a non-specific portion of something, and jõge appears in situations that require the partitive form for the word river. The nominative form is jõgi and the genitive form is jõe.

Etymology and relation to cognates: Jõge derives from the Estonian word jõgi, which belongs to the Finnic language family. It is cognate with the Finnish word joki, both tracing back to a common Proto-Finnic root meaning river. The partitive jõge is a regular inflected form used in standard Estonian.

Usage notes: Jõge is a grammatical, not a separate lexical word, and it occurs in contexts requiring the partitive case. It may appear in clauses where the river is not treated as a definite, countable object or when discussing quantities of water or rivers in a non-definite sense. As a general rule, speakers rely on the nominative jõgi for a specific river and on the partitive jõge in grammatically appropriate constructions.

See also: jõgi, jõe. For linguistic context, the word aligns with Estonian noun inflection in the singular, contrasting the nominative and genitive forms.