Jännitemuuntajia

Jännitemuuntaja, known in English as a voltage transformer, is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. Its primary function is to either increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of an alternating current (AC) electrical supply. This is achieved by utilizing the principle of mutual inductance between two coils of wire, the primary and secondary windings, which are typically wound around a common ferromagnetic core.

The ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding determines the voltage transformation ratio. If the secondary winding has more turns than the primary, the voltage is stepped up. Conversely, if the secondary winding has fewer turns, the voltage is stepped down. The power rating of a jännitemuuntaja is typically expressed in volt-amperes (VA) or kilovolt-amperes (kVA), and it is limited by the maximum temperature the windings can withstand.

Jännitemuuntajia are essential components in a vast array of electrical systems. They are used in power transmission to reduce transmission losses by stepping up voltage for long-distance transport and then stepping it down for safe distribution to consumers. In electronics, they are found in power supplies to provide the correct voltage levels for sensitive components, and in audio equipment for impedance matching and isolation. They are also crucial in measuring instruments for accurately sensing high voltages.