Jumala

Jumala is the Finnish word for God. In standard Finnish, Jumala denotes the supreme being in monotheistic traditions and is used in religious, biblical, and theological contexts. It is a fully inflected noun; common forms include Jumalan (genitive), Jumalaa (partitive), Jumalalle (allative), and Jumalaan (illative).

In Finland, the term is central to Christian belief and is used in translations of the Bible, liturgy, and theological discourse across Lutheran, Orthodox, and other Christian communities. The concept corresponds to the God of Abrahamic faiths, and discussions about Jumala often engage with related doctrines such as the Trinity (kolminaisuus) in Christian theology. The plural Jumalat refers to multiple gods, a usage that is rare in modern Finnish religious language but appears in historical or comparative contexts.

Etymology and related languages: Jumala is a Finnic word, with cognates in nearby Finnic languages, such as Estonian Jumal and Karelian Jumal. The exact origins are not always clearly established, but the term is a standard element of the Finnic lexicon for the monotheistic deity and has been in use in Finnish for many centuries.