Jugoslávie

Jugoslávie, officially known as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, was a country in Southeastern Europe that existed from 1918 to 2003. It was formed after World War I, when the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Kingdom of Serbia united. The country was a federal state, consisting of six constituent republics: Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Montenegro. Additionally, Kosovo and Vojvodina had special statuses within the federation.

The political system of Yugoslavia was based on the principles of self-management and federalism. The country was a socialist state until 1990, when it transitioned to a multi-party system. However, the political landscape was marked by significant ethnic and nationalist tensions, particularly between Serbs and other ethnic groups.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Yugoslavia faced severe economic and political crises. The breakup of the country began in 1991 with the Ten-Day War in Slovenia, followed by the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. The conflict escalated into a full-blown war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, which lasted until 1995. These events ultimately led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia, which was formally dissolved in 2003. The country was succeeded by several independent states: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and Kosovo.