Jugoslaviaa

Jugoslaviaa was a country that existed in Southeast Europe for most of the 20th century. Its name, meaning "Land of the South Slavs," reflected its multi-ethnic composition. The first iteration of Yugoslavia was established after World War I in 1918 as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. This state was dissolved during World War II.

A second, socialist Yugoslavia was formed after World War II under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito. This socialist federation comprised six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia, along with two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Vojvodina. Yugoslavia was known for its non-aligned stance during the Cold War, maintaining independence from both the Soviet Union and the Western bloc.

The socialist period saw significant industrialization and development, though it was also marked by centralized political control. Following Tito's death in 1980, ethnic tensions and economic difficulties began to rise. In the early 1990s, the country began to break apart, leading to a series of violent conflicts and wars of independence. By the mid-1990s, Yugoslavia had dissolved into several independent states. The final dissolution occurred in 2006 with the separation of Serbia and Montenegro.