Jódskortur

Jódskortur refers to a deficiency in iodine, an essential mineral that the body needs for proper thyroid function. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. When iodine intake is insufficient, the thyroid gland cannot produce adequate amounts of these hormones, leading to a condition known as iodine deficiency disorder (IDD).

The most visible consequence of severe iodine deficiency is goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck. However, iodine deficiency can have broader and more serious impacts, particularly on cognitive development. In pregnant women, iodine deficiency can lead to irreversible intellectual disabilities in their children, a condition known as cretinism. In children and adolescents, it can result in impaired cognitive function, reduced IQ, and developmental delays. Adults may experience symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, depression, and decreased mental acuity.

Iodine is primarily obtained through the diet. Major sources include seafood, dairy products, and iodized salt. Many countries have implemented universal salt iodization programs to prevent widespread iodine deficiency. In areas where such programs are not in place or are insufficient, populations may be at risk. Diagnosis is often based on clinical signs and symptoms, and in some cases, through urine tests to assess iodine levels. Treatment involves iodine supplementation, which can be administered through iodized salt, supplements, or iodine-containing oils. Prevention through adequate dietary intake and public health initiatives like salt iodization remains the most effective strategy.