Iskolarendszer

The **iskolarendszer** (Hungarian for "school system") in Hungary is structured to provide compulsory and voluntary education from early childhood through higher education. The system is governed by national laws and regulations, with oversight from the Ministry of Education, Research, Innovation, and Sport. It follows a standardized curriculum designed to ensure a uniform level of knowledge and skills across the country.

Compulsory education begins at age six and lasts for nine years, divided into two stages: elementary school (*alapiskola*) and lower secondary school (*alsó tagozatos középiskola*). Elementary school spans grades one through four, while lower secondary education covers grades five through nine. After completing compulsory education, students typically proceed to upper secondary school (*felső tagozatos középiskola*), which lasts for four years and prepares them for university or vocational training.

Upper secondary education offers two main pathways: academic (*gimnázium*) and vocational (*szakközépiskola*). Academic schools focus on theoretical subjects and prepare students for university entrance exams, while vocational schools provide practical training and certifications in various trades. Both pathways culminate in a national matriculation exam (*érettségi*), which is required for university admission.

Higher education in Hungary is divided into universities (*egyetem*) and colleges (*főiskola*). Universities offer bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in fields such as humanities, sciences, medicine, and engineering. Colleges provide shorter, profession-specific programs leading to bachelor’s or master’s degrees. Admission to higher education institutions is based on academic performance, entrance exams, or portfolio reviews, depending on the program.

The Hungarian school system emphasizes both academic rigor and vocational training, aiming to equip students with the skills necessary for further education or direct entry into the workforce. Recent reforms have focused on improving digital literacy, critical thinking, and international competitiveness within the curriculum.