Interneuroneja

Interneuroneja, also known as interneurons or association neurons, are a class of neurons that are found in the central nervous system. They are responsible for transmitting signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons, as well as connecting to other interneurons. Interneurons make up the vast majority of neurons in the brain and spinal cord, playing a crucial role in processing information and coordinating complex behaviors.

The primary function of interneurons is to modulate the activity of other neurons. They can either excite or inhibit the firing of postsynaptic neurons, thereby controlling the flow of information within neural circuits. This inhibitory or excitatory action is determined by the neurotransmitters they release. For example, some interneurons release GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, while others release glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter.

Interneurons exhibit a wide diversity in their morphology and function, reflecting their varied roles in neural processing. Their intricate network allows for sophisticated computations, enabling everything from simple reflexes to complex cognitive functions like learning, memory, and decision-making. The precise arrangement and connectivity of interneurons are critical for the proper functioning of the nervous system, and disruptions in their activity are implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Understanding the complex circuitry of interneurons is a major area of research in neuroscience.