Interaksionizmi

Interaksionizmi, or interactionism, is a broad theoretical perspective in sociology and philosophy that emphasizes the importance of social interaction in the formation of meaning, self, and society. It posits that reality is not a fixed entity but is continuously constructed and reconstructed through the everyday interactions between individuals. Key to this perspective is the idea that symbols, such as language, gestures, and objects, play a crucial role in these interactions. Meaning is not inherent in symbols but is assigned to them through shared social experiences and interpretations.

Symbolic interactionism, a prominent branch of interactionism, was largely developed by George Herbert Mead. Mead argued that the self develops through social interaction, particularly by taking the role of the other. This process allows individuals to see themselves from the perspective of others, leading to the internalization of social norms and expectations. Charles Horton Cooley's concept of the "looking-glass self" further elaborates on this, suggesting that our sense of self is shaped by how we imagine others perceive us.

Interactionist theories focus on micro-level social processes, examining how face-to-face encounters, communication patterns, and shared understandings shape social life. Researchers using this approach often employ qualitative methods, such as participant observation and in-depth interviews, to understand the subjective experiences and meanings individuals attach to their social world. The emphasis is on the dynamic and fluid nature of social reality, which is constantly being negotiated and redefined through ongoing interactions.