InterKorean

InterKorean relations refer to the political, economic, social, and diplomatic interactions between the two Koreas: the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). These relations have been shaped by the division of the Korean Peninsula after World War II and the armistice that ended active fighting in 1953, as well as by cycles of tension and diplomacy. They involve diplomacy, cross-border exchanges, humanitarian programs, family reunions, trade and economic cooperation where possible, and efforts to reduce military risk across the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Historically, engagement has varied. The 1991 Basic Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-Aggression, Exchange and Cooperation laid a framework for cooperation. The 2000 Inter-Korean Summit in Pyongyang and the 2007 summit produced several accords and heralded periods of dialogue. In 2018, the Panmunjom Declaration affirmed steps toward denuclearization of the peninsula, reduction of military tensions, and broader inter-Korean cooperation, and opened a cross-border liaison channel in Kaesong. Cross-border projects such as the Kaesong Industrial Complex and Mt. Kumgang tours were suspended or limited for various reasons. In subsequent years, relations fluctuated, with communication channels sometimes restored and other times disrupted; in 2020 the Inter-Korean Liaison Office was destroyed, signaling a setback.

Current status: Since the early 2020s, inter-Korean diplomacy has experienced episodic talks but limited sustained engagement. Progress has depended on broader regional dynamics, including North Korea’s nuclear program, sanctions, and U.S.-DPRK diplomacy, as well as humanitarian exchanges and cultural contact when possible.