InnerClass

An InnerClass is a class defined within another class in object-oriented programming. This concept is commonly found in languages such as Java, C++, and C#. InnerClasses are used to logically group classes that belong together, encapsulate a class within another class, or provide a way to implement helper classes without exposing them to the outside world.

InnerClasses have access to the members of the enclosing class, including private members, which can be useful for implementing certain design patterns. They can also help in organizing code by keeping related classes together, which can improve readability and maintainability.

There are two main types of InnerClasses: non-static (or inner) and static (or nested). Non-static InnerClasses have access to the instance variables and methods of the enclosing class, while static InnerClasses do not. Static InnerClasses are similar to regular classes but are defined within another class for organizational purposes.

InnerClasses can be particularly useful in scenarios where the inner class is only relevant to the outer class, such as in event handling or when implementing iterators. However, overuse of InnerClasses can lead to complex and hard-to-maintain code, so they should be used judiciously.