Inkretinhormonene

Inkretinhormonene, also known as inkretin hormones, are a group of hormones that play a crucial role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in the body. They are primarily produced by the duodenum and the pancreas, and their secretion is stimulated by the presence of nutrients in the gut. The two main inkretin hormones are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).

GLP-1 is a 30-amino acid peptide that is released from the intestinal L cells in response to the ingestion of food. It acts on the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin, which helps to lower blood glucose levels. GLP-1 also inhibits glucagon secretion, further contributing to glucose homeostasis. Additionally, GLP-1 has been shown to have various other effects, including slowing gastric emptying, reducing appetite, and promoting satiety.

GIP is a 42-amino acid peptide that is released from the intestinal K cells in response to the ingestion of nutrients, particularly carbohydrates. It acts on the pancreas to stimulate the release of insulin, similar to GLP-1. GIP also has other effects, such as stimulating the release of gastrin and promoting the growth of the intestinal mucosa.

Inkretin hormones are important for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis, and their dysregulation has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists as a treatment for type 2 diabetes has gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to mimic the effects of endogenous GLP-1 and improve glycemic control.