Industrializací

Industrializací, or industrialization, refers to the process of societal and economic transformation of a nation from an agrarian and handicraft-based economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. This transition is typically characterized by significant technological advancements, the growth of factories, and a shift in population from rural areas to urban centers in search of work.

Key features of industrialization include the adoption of new energy sources, such as coal and later electricity, to power machinery. This led to mass production and a dramatic increase in the efficiency of manufacturing goods. The development of new transportation systems, like railways and steamships, facilitated the movement of raw materials and finished products, further accelerating economic growth.

Socially, industrialization often resulted in the rise of a new working class, living and working in urban environments. This period also saw the emergence of new social structures, the growth of capitalism, and significant changes in living standards, though initially often accompanied by challenging working conditions and social inequalities. The environmental impact of industrialization, including pollution and resource depletion, also became a growing concern. Industrialization is a fundamental aspect of modern history, shaping economies, societies, and the global landscape.