Imuniteta

Imuniteta refers to the complex biological system that protects an organism from disease. It is a defense mechanism that identifies and neutralizes pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, as well as abnormal cells like cancer. The immune system is comprised of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to maintain health.

There are two main types of immunity: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, providing a non-specific response that is present from birth. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components like phagocytes and natural killer cells, and chemical factors like complement proteins and interferons. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is acquired over time and is highly specific to particular pathogens. It involves lymphocytes, such as B cells and T cells, which are responsible for recognizing and remembering specific antigens.

The process of immunization, often through vaccination, stimulates the adaptive immune system to develop immunity without causing illness. This acquired immunity can be temporary or long-lasting, depending on the pathogen and the type of immune response generated. A well-functioning immune system is crucial for survival, and disruptions to its balance can lead to various health conditions, including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies.