Immunválasz

Immunválasz refers to the complex set of reactions that the immune system performs to defend the body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. This response can be broadly categorized into two main types: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, providing a rapid but non-specific response. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular components such as phagocytes (like macrophages and neutrophils) and natural killer cells. These cells engulf and destroy pathogens or mark them for destruction.

Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is a slower but highly specific response that develops over time and creates immunological memory. This type of immunity is mediated by lymphocytes, primarily B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies, which are proteins that bind to specific antigens on the surface of pathogens, neutralizing them or marking them for elimination. T cells have diverse roles, including directly killing infected cells (cytotoxic T cells) or helping to coordinate the immune response (helper T cells). The memory generated by adaptive immunity allows for a faster and more effective response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. Immunválasz is crucial for maintaining health and preventing disease.