Immunoassaybaserade

Immunoassaybaserade refers to analytical methods that rely on the specific binding between an antigen and an antibody to detect or quantify substances in a sample. These methods are widely used in clinical diagnostics, research, environmental monitoring, and food safety. The core principle is that an antibody, which is highly specific to a target molecule (the analyte), captures that analyte, and the resulting complex is then measured by various signal transduction techniques.

The most common immunoassay formats include enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), fluorescent immunoassay, and lateral flow immunoassays such as pregnancy tests. Each format has distinct strengths: ELISA offers high sensitivity and quantitative results; RIA provides extremely low detection limits; lateral flow assays allow rapid, point‑of‑care testing; and fluorescent assays enable multiplexing.

Immunoassaybaserade techniques are prized for their specificity because the antibody-antigen interaction is highly selective. However, they can be affected by cross‑reactivity, matrix effects, and the need for high‑quality antibodies. Advances in antibody engineering, such as recombinant antibody production and phage display, have improved assay performance and broadened the range of detectable analytes.

Overall, immunoassaybaserade methods remain a cornerstone of modern analytical science, offering reliable, scalable, and cost‑effective solutions for detecting a wide array of biomarkers and target molecules.