Idegnyúlvány

Idegnyúlvány is the Hungarian term for a nerve fiber, which is a slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron. These projections are essential for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system. There are two main types of idegnyúlvány: dendrites and axons.

Dendrites are typically shorter and more branched than axons. They receive signals from other neurons and conduct them towards the cell body of the neuron. Axons, on the other hand, are usually longer and transmit signals away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Many axons are covered by a myelin sheath, a fatty layer that acts as an insulator and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses.

The collective network of idegnyúlvány forms the intricate communication pathways of the nervous system, enabling everything from simple reflexes to complex thought processes. Damage to idegnyúlvány can disrupt these signals, leading to a variety of neurological conditions. Understanding the structure and function of idegnyúlvány is fundamental to comprehending how the nervous system operates and how it can be affected by disease or injury.