IL36

IL36 refers to Interleukin-36, a group of cytokines within the IL-1 family. This family of cytokines plays a crucial role in immune responses, particularly in inflammation. The IL-36 group consists of several members, including IL-36 alpha (IL-36A), IL-36 beta (IL-36B), IL-36 gamma (IL-36G), and the IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36RA). These molecules are primarily produced by epithelial cells and myeloid cells.

The IL-36 cytokines signal through a common receptor complex, IL36R, which is composed of IL36R and IL1RAP. Upon binding of IL-36A, IL-36B, or IL-36G to their receptor, downstream signaling pathways are activated, leading to the production of various inflammatory mediators. This activation is important for host defense against pathogens and for tissue repair. However, dysregulation of IL-36 signaling is implicated in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

IL-36RA acts as an endogenous antagonist, binding to the IL-36 receptor without initiating signaling, thereby inhibiting the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-36 cytokines. This antagonistic function is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation. Aberrant expression or function of IL-36 cytokines and their antagonist has been observed in conditions such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoinflammatory syndromes. Research into IL-36 signaling continues to explore its therapeutic potential for these diseases.