I2Rheating
I2R heating, also known as resistive heating, is the conversion of electrical energy into heat within a conductor due to its electrical resistance. When current flows through a resistor or conductor with resistance R, the power dissipated as heat is given by P = I^2 R, where I is the current. Equivalently, P can be written as V^2 / R, with V being the voltage across the element. In alternating current systems, heating corresponds to the root-mean-square current, so P = I_rms^2 R.
The effect arises from Joule’s law and is a fundamental consideration in almost all electrical devices. The
I2R heating has important design and safety implications. It sets limits on current-carrying capacity, dictates thermal