Hüperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This gland, located in the neck, regulates metabolism, and an excess of its hormones can lead to a range of symptoms. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder. Other causes include toxic multinodular goiter and thyroiditis, which is inflammation of the thyroid.

Symptoms can vary but often include unintended weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, tremors, and increased sweating. Individuals may also experience changes in bowel patterns, such as more frequent stools, and notice difficulties with sleep. Some people with hyperthyroidism may develop an enlarged thyroid gland, known as a goiter. In Graves' disease, eye problems can occur, including bulging eyes, redness, and irritation.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels. Imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or radioactive iodine uptake scan, may also be used to determine the cause and extent of the condition.

Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones or block their effects. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause, the severity of symptoms, and the individual's overall health. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications, including heart problems and osteoporosis.