Hõljumasinad

Hõljumasinad, also known as hovercraft or air-cushion vehicles, are a type of craft that travels over a surface on a cushion of air. This air cushion is generated by powerful fans that force air downwards, lifting the craft slightly off the ground or water. A flexible skirt around the base of the vehicle traps the air, creating the necessary pressure. This allows Hõljumasinad to operate on a variety of surfaces, including water, land, mud, ice, and snow, with minimal friction.

The principle behind Hõljumasinad was first conceived in the 18th century, but practical development began in the mid-20th century. They typically use engines to power both the lift fans and propulsion systems, which can include propellers or ducted fans. Their ability to traverse different terrains makes them versatile for military, rescue, and recreational purposes. Military applications often involve amphibious assault and patrol operations, while civilian uses include passenger ferries, cargo transport in shallow waters or icy regions, and search and rescue missions. The maneuverability of Hõljumasinad is unique, as they can move laterally and rotate in place, independent of water currents or wind. However, they can be susceptible to strong winds and can consume significant amounts of fuel due to the energy required for air cushion generation.