Hypoglikémia

Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood. Glucose is the body's primary source of energy. When blood glucose levels drop too low, it can affect the brain and other organs, leading to a range of symptoms.

Common causes of hypoglycemia include insufficient food intake, excessive physical activity, certain medications, particularly those for diabetes like insulin and sulfonylureas, and excessive alcohol consumption. In individuals with diabetes, it is often a side effect of treatment. Other less common causes include hormonal deficiencies, certain tumors, and severe illnesses.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary in severity and may include shakiness, sweating, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion, irritability, and hunger. In severe cases, it can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even coma. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial.

Treatment typically involves consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, such as fruit juice, glucose tablets, or regular soda. For individuals who are unconscious or unable to swallow, a glucagon injection may be necessary. Preventing hypoglycemia involves regular blood glucose monitoring, consistent meal patterns, and appropriate medication management for those with diabetes. Medical consultation is advised for recurrent or severe episodes to identify the underlying cause and develop a management plan.