Hypercalcemie

Hypercalcemia refers to an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is essential for many bodily functions, including bone health, nerve signaling, and muscle contraction. When calcium levels become too high, it can disrupt these processes and lead to a variety of symptoms.

The most common causes of hypercalcemia include overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism), certain cancers, and excessive intake of calcium or vitamin D. Other potential causes include certain medications, prolonged immobility, and specific medical conditions like sarcoidosis or Paget's disease.

Symptoms of hypercalcemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be asymptomatic or present with subtle symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, constipation, and mild fatigue. More severe hypercalcemia can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, depression, kidney stones, bone pain, and even coma or cardiac arrhythmias.

Diagnosis of hypercalcemia is made through a blood test that measures the calcium level. Further investigations, such as parathyroid hormone levels, vitamin D levels, and imaging studies, may be conducted to determine the underlying cause.

Treatment for hypercalcemia focuses on addressing the root cause and lowering calcium levels. Mild cases may be managed by increasing fluid intake and identifying and treating the underlying condition. For more severe cases, medications like bisphosphonates or calcitonin may be used to reduce calcium levels. In some instances, surgical removal of an overactive parathyroid gland or treatment of the underlying malignancy might be necessary.