Hydridedonatorer

Hydridedonatorer is a term used in chemistry to denote reagents or catalysts capable of delivering a hydride ion (H−) or a hydride equivalent to a substrate in a reaction. The concept is central to many reduction processes and transfer-hydrogenation cycles, and it encompasses a broad range of chemical species that can act as hydride donors under appropriate conditions.

Typical hydridedonatorer include inorganic metal hydrides such as sodium hydride (NaH) or lithium hydride (LiH); borohydrides such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and potassium borohydride (KBH4); and aluminum hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4). Transition-metal hydride complexes (for example metal–hydride species of ruthenium, iridium, or palladium) can also function as hydridedonatorer in catalytic cycles. Organohydride donors such as silanes or 1,4-dihydropyridines are used in transfer-hydrogenation systems. Organic donors like Hantzsch esters and formate-based systems provide hydride equivalents in metal-free or catalytic contexts, sometimes achieving enantioselective reductions when paired with suitable catalysts.

The reactivity of hydridedonatorer depends on the hydride donor strength, solvent, temperature, and the nature of the substrate. Hydride transfer can proceed as a direct two-electron process or through catalytic cycles that shuttle hydride equivalents from donor to substrate while regenerating the catalyst.

In summary, hydridedonatorer is a general term for species that supply hydride to substrates, enabling a wide array of reduction transformations in organic synthesis, materials science, and catalysis. The term is less common in mainstream literature, where “hydride donors” or specific reagent names are typically used.