Hullámfüggvényei

Hullámfüggvényei, in English referred to as wave functions, are fundamental to quantum mechanics. A wave function, typically denoted by the Greek letter psi ($\psi$), is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. It is a complex-valued function of position and time, and its square modulus, $|\psi|^2$, represents the probability density of finding the particle at a particular position at a given time.

The wave function itself does not have a direct physical interpretation in terms of observable quantities. However, its evolution over time is governed by the Schrödinger equation, a central equation in quantum mechanics. Solutions to the Schrödinger equation are the wave functions that describe the possible states of a quantum system.

Key properties of wave functions include their ability to be normalized, meaning the integral of $|\psi|^2$ over all space must equal one, reflecting the certainty of finding the particle somewhere. They can also be superimposed, allowing for quantum systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously until a measurement is made, at which point the wave function "collapses" into one of the possible states. The concept of wave functions is crucial for understanding phenomena such as quantum tunneling, superposition, and entanglement.