Hoofdschans

Hoofdschans is a peacetime defensive position located in the Dutch province of North Holland, near the city of Hoorn. The name "Hoofdschans" translates to "main ditch" in English, which refers to the primary trench system that forms the core of the defensive position.

The Hoofdschans was constructed in the 17th century, during the Dutch Golden Age, as part of the extensive system of defensive fortifications built by the Dutch Republic to protect against potential invasions from the sea. The position was designed to serve as a bastion of defense for the city of Hoorn and the surrounding area.

The Hoofdschans is an example of a 'hexagonal star fort', characterized by a six-pointed star shape with six low bastions. This design allowed for maximum gun emplacement and allowed defenders to cover all possible angles of attack. The position is constructed from earth and has a total perimeter of approximately 1,500 meters around its curving walls. Access to the main ditch was via five gates, which are now all closed and covered.

During World War II, the Hoofdschans was captured by German forces in 1940 and remained under German control until Allied liberation in 1944. The site fell into disuse after the war and was eventually declared a national monument in 1967. Today, the Hoofdschans is a protected historical site and a prominent archaeological location in the Netherlands. Visitors can explore the grounds and see various remnants of the fort's past, including parts of the original ditch system and the oldest parts of the walls.