Hiperkaliemi

Hiperkaliemi is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including muscle and nerve function, heart activity, and maintaining proper acid-base balance. In hiperkaliemi, the serum potassium concentration exceeds the normal range, typically above 5.0 mmol/L.

The primary causes of hiperkaliemi include:

1. Renal impairment: When the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively, such as in conditions like chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury, potassium levels can rise.

2. Medications: Certain drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and some antibiotics, can increase potassium levels.

3. Metabolic disorders: Conditions like Cushing syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, and primary hyperaldosteronism can lead to hiperkaliemi.

4. Hypoaldosteronism: This condition, characterized by low aldosterone levels, can result in increased potassium retention.

Symptoms of hiperkaliemi may include muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias. The diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure serum potassium levels. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. They may include dietary modifications, medications to lower potassium levels, or addressing the underlying cause, such as managing renal impairment or discontinuing offending medications.

Prevention strategies focus on maintaining proper potassium balance, monitoring renal function, and avoiding medications that can increase potassium levels. Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is essential for individuals at risk of hiperkaliemi, such as those with chronic kidney disease or taking potassium-sparing diuretics.