Hiilihapottaminen

Hiilihapottaminen is a Finnish term referring to the process of carbonating liquids. This is typically achieved by dissolving carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into a liquid under pressure. The dissolved CO2 forms carbonic acid when it reacts with water, giving the liquid its characteristic fizziness and slightly tart taste.

The most common application of hiilihapottaminen is in the production of carbonated beverages such as soft drinks, sparkling water, and beer. In commercial beverage production, CO2 is injected into the liquid in a pressurized vessel. The amount of CO2 dissolved determines the level of carbonation. For home use, devices like soda makers are available that allow individuals to carbonate water or other beverages using CO2 cartridges.

The process relies on Henry's Law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid. Higher pressure forces more CO2 into the solution. When the pressure is released, such as when a bottle or can is opened, the dissolved CO2 escapes from the liquid, creating the bubbles that are observed. Over time, the carbonation in a beverage will dissipate as CO2 slowly escapes into the atmosphere.