Hidrogénfoszfát

Hidrogénfoszfát, also known as hydrogen phosphate, is an anion with the chemical formula [HPO4]2-. It is a species derived from phosphoric acid (H3PO4) by the removal of two protons. In aqueous solutions, it exists in equilibrium with other phosphate species, including dihydrogen phosphate ([H2PO4]-) and phosphate ([PO4]3-), with the relative abundance depending on the pH.

The hydrogen phosphate ion plays a significant role in various biological and chemical processes. In biology, it is a crucial component of the phosphate buffer system in blood and cells, helping to maintain a stable pH. It is also a vital part of DNA and RNA structures as the backbone connecting the sugar molecules. Additionally, hydrogen phosphate is involved in energy transfer within cells, primarily through its role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Chemically, hydrogen phosphate can act as both an acid and a base, exhibiting amphoteric behavior. It forms salts with various cations, such as sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) and potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4). These salts have applications in food processing as emulsifiers and buffering agents, and in medicine as laxatives. The presence and concentration of hydrogen phosphate in water bodies can contribute to eutrophication, an excessive richness of nutrients that can lead to algal blooms and oxygen depletion.