Hexamethylmelamine

Hexamethylmelamine (HMM), also known as altretamine, is a synthetic derivative of melamine. Its chemical structure consists of a melamine ring with six methyl groups attached. HMM was developed as an antineoplastic agent, meaning it was investigated for its potential to treat cancer.

The primary medical application of hexamethylmelamine was in the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly in cases that had become resistant to other chemotherapy drugs. It was administered orally. The mechanism of action of HMM is not fully understood, but it is believed to interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis, thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth. It may also undergo metabolic activation to form reactive species that alkylate DNA.

In clinical trials, hexamethylmelamine demonstrated some efficacy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, its use was often associated with significant side effects. Common adverse reactions included gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting, myelosuppression (suppression of bone marrow activity, leading to decreased blood cell counts), and neurological effects like peripheral neuropathy. Due to these side effects and the availability of more effective treatments, hexamethylmelamine is rarely used in modern cancer therapy. Its development and use represent an example of early chemotherapy research.