Heterótrofa

Heterótrofa is a term used in biology to describe organisms that cannot produce their own food. Unlike autotrophs, which synthesize their own organic compounds from inorganic sources through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, heterotrophs must obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms. This fundamental difference in energy acquisition defines the trophic level of these organisms within an ecosystem.

The term "heterótrofa" originates from the Greek words "heteros" meaning "other" and "trophe" meaning "nourishment." Heterotrophs encompass a vast diversity of life, including all animals, fungi, and many bacteria and protists. Their survival is directly dependent on the availability of organic matter produced by autotrophs or other heterotrophs.

Heterotrophic organisms can be further classified based on their diet. Herbivores consume plants, carnivores consume other animals, and omnivores consume both plants and animals. Detritivores, a specific type of heterotroph, feed on dead organic matter, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling. This consumption and breakdown of organic material are essential processes that drive the flow of energy and matter through food webs.