Helyhatókör

Helyhatókör, often translated as territorial jurisdiction, is the geographic area within which a specific legal authority—typically a court or an administrative body—may exercise its power. It defines which authority is competent to hear a case or handle a matter.

The concept serves to allocate judicial and administrative workload to nearby or appropriate institutions, protect access to justice, and ensure procedural efficiency. Helyhatókör is focused on location and geography, and it is distinct from other aspects of competence such as the subject matter of the case or the personal status of the parties.

Determination of helyhatókör is usually guided by statute and case-specific rules. Common criteria include the place where the act occurred or where its effects were felt, the residence or domicile of the defendant or plaintiff, and, for corporations, the registered office or principal place of business. The place where a contract was formed or performed can also establish jurisdiction. Some matters have special territorial rules, and cross-border cases may be affected by international agreements or European Union regulations, which can modify domestic rules.

In procedures, locating the correct helyhatókör is essential because it determines which court or authority will hear the case and where procedural actions must be taken. If the chosen jurisdiction is incorrect, challenges or transfers may be possible to remedy the lack of proper territorial competence. Understanding helyhatókör helps ensure that cases proceed in the appropriate locality and under the correct authority.