Heatseeker

Heatseeker refers to a type of missile guidance system that detects and tracks targets based on their emitted infrared radiation, or heat. This homing technology allows missiles to autonomously pursue a heat source, typically the exhaust plume of an aircraft engine or the warm surfaces of a vehicle.

The fundamental principle behind heatseeking missiles involves an infrared seeker located in the nose of the missile. This seeker is essentially a sensitive detector that scans for thermal energy. When a target emitting a sufficient amount of heat is detected within the seeker's field of view, the missile's guidance system locks onto this heat signature.

As the missile travels towards the target, the seeker continuously monitors the heat source. If the target maneuvers, the seeker adjusts its tracking, and the missile's control surfaces are actuated to maintain a course that intercepts the heat source. Early heatseekers had limitations, such as being susceptible to countermeasures like flares, which are designed to mimic the heat signature of a target, thereby confusing the missile.

Modern heatseeking technology has evolved significantly, incorporating advanced infrared imaging and more sophisticated algorithms to distinguish targets from decoys and overcome atmospheric interference. This has made heatseeking missiles a highly effective weapon system in various military applications, particularly in air-to-air and surface-to-air roles.