Happimolekyylit

Happimolekyylit, also known as oxygen molecules, are diatomic molecules with the chemical formula O2. Each molecule consists of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded together. This bond is a double bond, meaning four electrons are shared between the two atoms. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe and the most abundant element in Earth's crust. In its molecular form, O2, it makes up approximately 21% of Earth's atmosphere.

The O2 molecule is paramagnetic, meaning it is attracted to a magnetic field. This property arises from the unpaired electrons in its molecular orbital configuration. In its solid and liquid states, oxygen is a pale blue substance. The double bond in the oxygen molecule makes it a reactive species, readily participating in combustion reactions and oxidation processes. It is essential for aerobic respiration in most living organisms, serving as the terminal electron acceptor in cellular respiration, which generates energy. Industrial applications for oxygen include its use in steel production, welding, and medical treatments, such as respiratory therapy.